So it is pretty common to see people reference shorter part numbers to abbreviate or generalize them. I think the most important parts are these first few digits here the f-103 and everything after that is kind of more of the technicalities like how many pins there are or what the footprint looks like. The part number tells us a lot about the chip.
Unlike Arduino, stm32 doesn’t really have a whole lot of nicknames they’re almost always referred to by the part number themselves. The blue pill which is also known as the stm32f103c8t6 this is by far the most popular one that shows up when I am searching for starter stm32 boards and honestly I think it is just because it has a nickname blue pill. How to connect STM32 Blue Pill with Arduino IDE?.